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注記
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Summary: "Aristocrats, prime ministers, monks, army generals, politicians, poets, novelists, journalists and teachers have produced a large corpus of literature that sets out models of appropriate behaviour. It teaches such things as how to stand, walk, sit, pay homage, prostrate oneself and crawl in the presence of high-status people, sleep, eat, manage bodily functions, dress, pay respect to superiors, deal with inferiors, socialize, use one's time, work, and play. These modes of conduct have been taught or enforced by families, the monastery, court society, and, in the twentieth century, the state, through the education system, the bureaucracy, and the mass media. Modern thinking about manners, despite the outwardly secular ends to which it is directed, contains within it echoes of an older Buddhist theory about how to master the self that teaches control of bodily action (kai), speech (waja), and one's mental disposition (jai). The inculcation of good manners thus has as its objective the shaping of the w
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